The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious cup on 14 separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the net in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side fired twice in the closing moments to seize a surprise lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial leveler in the dying moments to force the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 shootout victory.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the past 13 years.